Atrial Fibrillation Explained

Atrial fibrillation is a heart disease (heart rhythm disorder – arrhythmia) that is characterized by an irregular and often rapid heartbeat.

What are the symptoms of atrial fibrillation?

Many people with atrial fibrillation do not experience any symptoms. Observable symptoms can be:

Palpitations (unpleasant sensation of very rapid heartbeat)
Weakness
Reduced ability to perform physical activity
Fatigue
Malaise / dizziness
Shortness of breath
Chest pain

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms but have not yet been diagnosed with atrial fibrillation, it is important to discuss your condition with your doctor.

What causes atrial fibrillation?

The heart has four parts – two atria and two ventricles. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by chaotic electrical activity in the atria that disrupts the natural rhythm of the heart. As a result, the atria do not contract properly and the heart does not pump blood as efficiently as it normally does.

Why is it important to use anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation?

Atrial fibrillation itself is usually not life-threatening; however, if left untreated, it increases the risk of stroke by up to fivefold. Your doctor may prescribe anticoagulant treatment, which can significantly reduce the risk of stroke.

What is the mechanism of action of anticoagulants?

Anticoagulants are medications that reduce the formation of blood clots. They are usually prescribed to patients with atrial fibrillation to reduce the risk of stroke.

What is stroke?

In atrial fibrillation, the blood does not pump efficiently. This can lead to blood pooling in the heart’s atrium and forming a blood clot. The formed clot or pieces of the clot can travel through the bloodstream. If the clot blocks blood flow to the brain, it can cause a stroke.

What are the symptoms of a stroke?

A stroke can occur suddenly and can have immediate and permanent negative health effects. If you notice any of the signs or symptoms of a stroke, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible.

The FAST test offers a simple way to recognize a stroke:

F – Face: Facial expressions. Can the affected person smile? Has one corner of the mouth or eyelid drooped?
A – Arm: Manifestations in the upper limb area. Can the affected person raise both arms in front of him/her without one limb drooping?
S – Speech: Can the person with a disability articulate correctly? Is what the person with a disability is trying to say understandable?
T – Time: The importance of prompt medical attention. If you observe the above signs and symptoms in an another person or yourself, immediately call your local emergency service, where they will advise you on what to do.